International emergency medicine: past and future.

Much has been written about the development of emergency medicine (EM) and its impact on the medical system as a whole. It is still described as ‘new’ and very much seen as a specialty that is evolving, rather than a static domain of knowledge and skills with rigid boundaries. In reality, the fundamentals of emergency treatment in mitigating the effects of acute illness and injury go back to ancient times. This is evidenced by descriptions of the urgent management of acute pain with analgesics, splinting of injured limbs, and more sophisticated procedures, such as the removal of kidney stones and craniotomies. The treatments at that time were limited, but the application of these skills brought relief to many people (and a little pain). The practitioners were generalists and did not limit themselves to emergency treatment alone. Over the past half-century, there has been an acceleration of development in emergency medical treatments and a massive explosion in emergency medical system enhancement. This has resulted in a unique body of knowledge and skills, with the evolution of a new medical specialty specific to the delivery of emergency medical care. It is worth reflecting on the drivers for EM specialisation, where the specialty has come from, and what we can expect as the complexity of medical care increases with technological innovation and social changes associated with increasing connectivity.